Repairing a leaky residential roof in Canada involves addressing the specific problem while considering weather conditions and using appropriate materials. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Assess the Damage
Inspect the Roof:
Perform a visual inspection from the ground and, if safe, on the roof.
Look for missing, cracked, or curled shingles, damaged flashing, or punctures.
Inspect the Interior:
Check the attic for water stains, damp insulation, or mold growth to locate the leak’s entry point.
2. Ensure Safety First
Weather Considerations:
Avoid working on the roof during storms, snow, or icy conditions. Choose a dry, sunny day.
Equipment:
Use a sturdy ladder, wear soft-soled shoes for traction, and secure a safety harness if needed.
3. Temporary Fixes (If Immediate Repairs Aren’t Possible)
Tarping:
Use a heavy-duty tarp to cover the damaged area. Secure it with roofing nails or weighted objects to prevent water intrusion temporarily.
Sealant Application:
Apply roofing sealant or caulk to small holes or cracks as a temporary measure until a full repair is possible.
4. Repair Specific Issues
a. Replace Damaged Shingles
Remove the Old Shingle:
Lift the surrounding shingles and remove nails from the damaged shingle using a pry bar.
Slide out the damaged shingle.
Install the New Shingle:
Slide a new shingle into place and secure it with roofing nails.
Apply roofing cement to seal the edges.
b. Repair Flashing
Inspect Flashing Areas:
Focus on areas around chimneys, vents, and skylights.
Fix Loose or Damaged Flashing:
Re-secure loose flashing with nails.
Replace cracked or corroded flashing by removing the old piece and installing a new one.
Seal the Edges:
Apply roofing sealant around the edges to prevent water penetration.
c. Patch Small Holes or Cracks
Clean the Area:
Remove debris around the hole or crack.
Apply Roofing Patch:
Spread roofing patch compound over the area using a putty knife.
For larger holes, place a piece of roofing fabric over the patch and apply a second layer of compound.
d. Repair Leaks in Metal Roofing
Tighten Fasteners:
Check and tighten loose screws or fasteners.
Seal Seams:
Apply metal roofing sealant to seams or gaps.
Replace Panels:
If a panel is severely damaged, remove screws, replace the panel, and re-secure it.
5. Prevent Recurrence
Inspect After Repairs:
Check for any remaining leaks by observing during the next rain or using a garden hose.
Regular Maintenance:
Clean gutters and remove debris regularly to prevent water pooling.
Trim overhanging tree branches to avoid roof damage.
6. Consider Professional Help
When to Call a Professional:
If the leak is extensive or the roof structure is compromised.
If the roof has steep slopes or other safety risks.
Hiring a Roofer:
Ensure the contractor is licensed, insured, and familiar with Canadian weather conditions.
7. Plan for Future Repairs or Replacement
If the roof is old or has recurrent leaks, consider replacing it with durable materials suited for Canadian climates, such as:
Asphalt shingles (cost-effective and weather-resistant).
Metal roofing (durable and energy-efficient).
Rubber or synthetic options for flat roofs.