Maintaining your residential air conditioning (AC) unit is essential to ensuring it runs efficiently, has a longer lifespan, and reduces energy costs. Here are some useful tips for proper care and maintenance of your AC unit:
1. Regularly Replace or Clean the Air Filter
Why: Dirty air filters restrict airflow, causing the system to work harder, which can lead to higher energy consumption and system wear.
How: Replace the filter every 1–3 months or clean it if it's a reusable type. If you have pets or allergies, consider changing it more often.
Tip: Use a high-efficiency filter (MERV rating of 8 or higher) for better filtration.
2. Keep the Area Around the Outdoor Unit Clear
Why: The outdoor condenser unit needs unrestricted airflow to function properly. Debris, like leaves, grass, and dirt, can block airflow and reduce efficiency.
How: Clear the area of any obstructions, such as leaves, branches, or dirt. Make sure the unit has at least 2 feet of clearance on all sides.
Tip: Trim any nearby plants or bushes to prevent them from growing too close to the unit.
3. Clean the Coils
Why: The evaporator and condenser coils can accumulate dirt over time, which decreases the system's ability to cool efficiently.
How: Gently clean the evaporator coil and condenser coil using a soft brush or vacuum. For deeper cleaning, consider using coil cleaner or having a professional service the unit.
Tip: If you're unsure, a professional technician can perform a thorough coil cleaning during a yearly maintenance check.
4. Check the Condensate Drain
Why: The condensate drain allows the moisture collected from the air to drain away. A clogged drain can cause water damage or mold growth inside the unit.
How: Ensure the condensate drain is clear by flushing it with a mixture of water and vinegar every few months. If you notice water pooling around the unit, it may indicate a clogged drain.
Tip: Use a wet/dry vacuum to clean the drain line if it's clogged.
5. Inspect the Insulation
Why: Insulation around the AC unit's refrigerant lines helps prevent energy loss and keeps the system running efficiently.
How: Check the insulation on the refrigerant lines to ensure it's intact. If damaged, replace or repair it to maintain efficiency.
Tip: Pay attention to any signs of wear, especially if the insulation is visibly cracked, wet, or missing.
6. Check Refrigerant Levels
Why: Low refrigerant levels can cause the system to lose cooling efficiency and lead to compressor damage.
How: If your AC is blowing warm air or isn’t cooling properly, it may have a refrigerant leak. Call a professional technician to check and refill the refrigerant if necessary.
Tip: Refrigerant maintenance should always be handled by a licensed HVAC technician, as it requires special tools and knowledge.
7. Test the Thermostat
Why: A malfunctioning thermostat can cause your AC unit to cycle incorrectly or fail to reach the desired temperature.
How: Test your thermostat settings by setting it to a few different temperatures. If the temperature doesn't adjust as set, the thermostat may need recalibration or replacement.
Tip: Consider upgrading to a smart thermostat to improve energy efficiency and provide more precise temperature control.
8. Schedule Annual Professional Maintenance
Why: Professional maintenance can identify potential issues early, ensure optimal performance, and extend the life of your unit.
How: Have an HVAC professional inspect and maintain your AC unit once a year, preferably before the cooling season starts.
Tip: Regular maintenance can catch issues such as refrigerant leaks, electrical problems, or worn-out components before they become major repairs.
9. Check and Adjust the AC Settings
Why: Running your AC at optimal settings ensures efficiency and comfort while minimizing wear and tear.
How: Set your thermostat to a consistent, comfortable temperature (typically between 72–78°F/22–25°C). Avoid frequently changing the temperature settings.
Tip: Use a programmable thermostat to adjust temperatures automatically when you're away or asleep, saving energy.
10. Seal Leaks and Improve Insulation
Why: Leaks around doors, windows, and ducts allow cold air to escape, making your AC work harder.
How: Inspect for drafts and seal any gaps with weatherstripping or caulking. Check ductwork for leaks and seal them to prevent cool air loss.
Tip: Ensure your home is well-insulated to reduce the strain on your AC unit and increase energy efficiency.
11. Turn Off the AC During Extended Absences
Why: Running the AC while you're away wastes energy and adds unnecessary wear on the system.
How: If you're going away for several days, set the thermostat to a higher temperature or turn it off entirely.
Tip: Use a smart thermostat that allows you to adjust the temperature remotely for convenience.